Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress.

Jeannette Rankin made history in 1916 as the first woman ever elected to the United States Congress. Born in 1880 near Missoula, Montana, she grew up on her family’s ranch and later became deeply involved in social reform movements. Rankin’s path to politics began with her work in the women’s suffrage movement, where she traveled the country advocating for women’s right to vote. Her election to the House of Representatives came four years before the 19th Amendment granted women nationwide suffrage, marking a groundbreaking moment in American politics and gender equality.

During her first term in Congress, Rankin represented Montana and quickly gained attention for her independent and principled stances. One of her most notable actions came in 1917, when she voted against the U.S. entry into World War I. She was one of only fifty members of Congress to oppose the declaration, and the only woman to do so. This decision drew sharp criticism, but it also established her reputation as a committed pacifist who prioritized her conscience over political convenience. Despite the backlash, she remained firm in her belief that war contradicted the values she championed.

After losing reelection, Rankin continued her activism, focusing on peace, social justice, and women’s rights. She returned to Congress in 1940, just before the United States’ entry into World War II. Once again, she stood alone in her opposition—this time casting the sole vote against declaring war on Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Although her vote ended her political career, it cemented her legacy as one of the most steadfast advocates for peace in American history.

Jeannette Rankin’s contributions extend far beyond her votes. She helped pave the way for women in government, proving that female legislators could hold and act on strong moral convictions in the highest political arenas. Throughout her life, she supported labor reform, child welfare, and the expansion of civil rights. Even after leaving office, she continued to inspire new generations of activists. Her courage to stand alone when necessary, guided by principle rather than popularity, remains a powerful example of integrity in public service.