A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, Italy.
The Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, or Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura, is one of Rome’s four major basilicas. Located outside the ancient walls of Rome, it is dedicated to Saint Paul the Apostle, who is believed to be buried there.
History
Foundation: The original basilica was founded by Emperor Constantine I over the burial place of Saint Paul. It was consecrated in 324 AD.
Reconstruction: The basilica was enlarged by Theodosius I and completed by his son Honorius in 395 AD. Over the centuries, it was further embellished and expanded.
Fire and Restoration: In 1823, a fire destroyed much of the basilica. Pope Leo XII initiated its reconstruction, which aimed to replicate the original design. The restored basilica was re-consecrated in 1854 by Pope Pius IX.
Architecture
Exterior: The basilica has a grand colonnaded courtyard, or quadriportico, leading to the main entrance. The façade is decorated with mosaics depicting Christ, the Apostles, and scenes from the life of Saint Paul.
Interior: The interior features a long nave with double aisles and a transept, forming a Latin cross. The ceiling is decorated with gilded coffers.
Mosaics and Frescoes: The apse mosaic, created by Venetian artists in the 13th century, depicts Christ in Majesty with Saints Peter and Paul. The basilica also contains many frescoes and mosaics from different periods.
Significant Features
Saint Paul’s Tomb: Beneath the main altar is the tomb of Saint Paul, marked by a marble tombstone with the inscription “Paulo Apostolo Mart.”
Cloister: The 13th-century cloister, adorned with intricate cosmatesque decorations, is one of the most beautiful in Rome.
Medallions of the Popes: The interior walls are lined with medallions depicting all the Popes, from Saint Peter to the present day.
Cultural and Religious Significance
Pilgrimage Site: As one of the four major basilicas, it is a significant site for Christian pilgrimage.
Patriarchal Basilica: It is one of the seven pilgrim churches of Rome and holds the status of a patriarchal basilica.
Ecumenical Services: The basilica often hosts ecumenical services and events, emphasizing its role in fostering Christian unity.
Location
Address: The basilica is located at Via Ostiense, just outside the Aurelian Walls, which gives it the name “Outside the Walls.”