30 September 1399

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Henry IV is proclaimed king of England.

Assuming you mean **Henry IV of England**:

Henry IV was King of England from 1399 until his death in 1413 and was the first monarch of the House of Lancaster. Born Henry Bolingbroke in 1367, he was the son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and a grandson of King Edward III. Henry initially supported his cousin, King Richard II, but relations between the two deteriorated. In 1398, Richard exiled Henry following a dispute with Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. When John of Gaunt died the following year, Richard confiscated Henry’s inheritance. Henry returned to England while Richard was campaigning in Ireland, gathered considerable support, and eventually forced the king to abdicate. Henry was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 13 October 1399.

Henry IV’s seizure of the throne created questions about the legitimacy of his rule and contributed to repeated rebellions. One of the most serious challenges came from the powerful Percy family, which had initially helped Henry become king. Their dissatisfaction led to the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, where Henry’s forces defeated an army led by Henry “Hotspur” Percy. Henry also faced a prolonged Welsh revolt led by Owain Glynd?r, who declared himself Prince of Wales and successfully resisted English forces for several years. At the same time, England remained involved in conflicts and diplomatic struggles with Scotland and France, placing further pressure on the king’s government and finances.

During the later years of his reign, Henry suffered from recurring illness, while his son, the future Henry V, assumed an increasingly important role in government. Tensions developed between father and son over political influence and foreign policy, although Henry remained king until his death. He died at Westminster on 20 March 1413 at about the age of 45 and was buried at Canterbury Cathedral. His reign was significant because it established the Lancastrian dynasty, although the disputed circumstances of his accession contributed to political divisions that continued during the fifteenth century and ultimately formed part of the background to the Wars of the Roses.

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