Georges Bizet’s opera Les pêcheurs de perles, premiered in Paris.

Georges Bizet’s opera Les pêcheurs de perles (The Pearl Fishers) is a three-act opera composed in 1863, with a French libretto by Eugène Cormon and Michel Carré. Although it’s not as famous as Bizet’s later masterpiece, Carmen, it is still highly regarded for its beautiful music, particularly the famous tenor-baritone duet “Au fond du temple saint” (In the Depths of the Temple).

The Metropolitan Police of London, later also known as the Met, is founded

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), often referred to simply as the Metropolitan Police or Met Police, is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, excluding the City of London, which has its own police force (the City of London Police). It was established in 1829 by then Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel, making it the oldest modern police service in the world. Its creation was a significant step in the development of professional law enforcement, and it set the standard for police services worldwide.

The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) defines the length of a metre

The General Conference on Weights and Measures (often abbreviated as CGPM, from its French name Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures) is an international organization that plays a crucial role in maintaining and developing the International System of Units (SI). It is responsible for decisions regarding the international standards of measurement, ensuring that measurements made in different parts of the world are consistent and reliable.

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.

The Society of Jesus, commonly known as the Jesuits, is a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church. It was founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 and officially approved by Pope Paul III in 1540. The order is known for its educational, missionary, and charitable works, as well as its role in the Counter-Reformation, the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation.

As gangster Machine Gun Kelly surrenders to the FBI, he shouts out, “Don’t shoot, G-Men!”, which becomes a nickname for FBI agents.

Machine Gun Kelly was an infamous American gangster during the Prohibition era, best known for his involvement in organized crime, particularly kidnapping and bootlegging. His real name was George Kelly Barnes, and he was born on July 18, 1895, in Memphis, Tennessee. He earned the nickname “Machine Gun Kelly” because of his notorious use of a Thompson submachine gun, also known as a “Tommy gun,” during his criminal activities.

England and Scotland sign the Treaty of York, establishing the location of their common border.

The Treaty of York, signed in 1237, was a significant agreement between England and Scotland that established the Anglo-Scottish border. The treaty was negotiated between King Henry III of England and King Alexander II of Scotland, and it marked a resolution of territorial disputes between the two kingdoms, particularly regarding lands in the northern regions of England.

Key points about the Treaty of York include:

Border Definition: The treaty defined the boundaries between England and Scotland, which, for the most part, remain in place to this day. It solidified English control over certain territories south of the border, such as Northumberland and Cumberland, while Scotland recognized those areas as part of England.

Peaceful Relations: The treaty sought to establish peaceful relations between the two kingdoms by resolving territorial tensions and clarifying ownership of disputed lands, reducing the likelihood of conflict in the region.

Scottish Holdings in England: Although the treaty did not grant Alexander II any additional territories in England, it confirmed certain privileges for Scottish lords who held lands within England.

The top-secret Clifford-Elsey Report on the Soviet Union is delivered to President Truman.

The Clifford-Elsey Report was a significant document written in 1946 for President Harry S. Truman, offering a comprehensive analysis of U.S.-Soviet relations and helping shape U.S. Cold War policy. It was authored primarily by Clark Clifford, Truman’s Special Counsel, and George Elsey, an aide to the president. This report marked an important moment in the evolution of American foreign policy, especially concerning the Soviet Union, at a time when tensions were escalating between the two superpowers.

Norway and Sweden sign the Karlstad Treaty, peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.

The Karlstad Treaty, signed on September 23, 1905, was a key agreement that marked the peaceful dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway. The union, which had existed since 1814, was dissolved after growing tensions between the two nations, particularly over Norway’s desire for more autonomy and equal standing with Sweden.