Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.

“Mein Kampf” (My Struggle) is an autobiographical manifesto written by Adolf Hitler, the leader of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party). It was first published in two volumes in 1925 and 1926. In the book, Hitler outlines his political ideology, his plans for the future of Germany, and his views on race and anti-Semitism.

The book is divided into two volumes:

Volume One: A Reckoning – In this volume, Hitler discusses his childhood, the early years of the Nazi Party, and his time in Vienna and Munich. He also details his experiences during World War I and his subsequent involvement in politics.

Volume Two: The National Socialist Movement – This volume elaborates on Hitler’s ideology, including his plans for the reorganization of the German state and society. It includes his views on propaganda, race, and the concept of Lebensraum (living space), which advocated for German expansion to the east.

“Mein Kampf” is often studied to understand the origins and development of Nazi ideology, but it is also recognized for its hateful and anti-Semitic content. The book played a significant role in spreading Nazi propaganda and shaping the policies that led to World War II and the Holocaust.

The Treaties of Orebro end both the Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Swedish Wars.

The Treaty of Orebro was signed on July 18, 1812, between Sweden and the United Kingdom during the Napoleonic Wars. It was one of the peace treaties that followed the conclusion of the Anglo-Russian War (1812) and the Finnish War (1808-1809).

The treaty aimed to establish peace between the two nations, as well as secure British support for Sweden in the event of any future military aggression from France or its allies. At the time, Sweden was concerned about its territorial integrity and sovereignty, particularly due to the influence of Napoleon Bonaparte’s French Empire in Europe.

One of the main provisions of the treaty was the establishment of the border between Swedish Pomerania and the Kingdom of Prussia. Sweden ceded the town of Stralsund and the island of Rugen to Prussia in exchange for an agreement of British military support in case of any foreign attack on Sweden.

Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant requires Christians to either accept dhimmi status, emigrate from ISIL lands, or be killed.

Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.

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The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.

Session 4 : 18 July 1870

First dogmatic constitution on the Church of Christ

Pius, bishop, servant of the servants of God, with the approval of the Sacred Council, for an everlasting record.

1. The eternal shepherd and guardian of our souls, in order to render permanent the saving work of redemption, determined to build a Church in which, as in the house of the living God, all the faithful should be linked by the bond of one faith and charity.

2. Therefore, before he was glorified, he besought his Father, not for the apostles only, but also for those who were to believe in him through their word, that they all might be one as the Son himself and the Father are one.

3. So then, just as he sent apostles, whom he chose out of the world, even as he had been sent by the Father, in like manner it was his will that in his Church there should be shepherds and teachers until the end of time.

4. In order, then, that the episcopal office should be one and undivided and that, by the union of the clergy, the whole multitude of believers should be held together in the unity of faith and communion, he set blessed Peter over the rest of the apostles and instituted in him the permanent principle of both unities and their visible foundation.

5. Upon the strength of this foundation was to be built the eternal temple, and the Church whose topmost part reaches heaven was to rise upon the firmness of this foundation.

6. And since the gates of hell trying, if they can, to overthrow the Church, make their assault with a hatred that increases day by day against its divinely laid foundation, we judge it necessary, with the approbation of the Sacred Council, and for the protection, defense and growth of the Catholic flock, to propound the doctrine concerning the 1. institution, 2. permanence and 3. nature of the sacred and apostolic primacy, upon which the strength and coherence of the whole Church depends.

7. This doctrine is to be believed and held by all the faithful in accordance with the ancient and unchanging faith of the whole Church.

8. Furthermore, we shall proscribe and condemn the contrary errors which are so harmful to the Lord’s flock.

The First Vatican Council decrees the principle of papal infallibility.

The First Vatican Council hands down the dogma of papal infallibility.

France and England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem during the Hundred Years’ War.