The Battle of Molinella: The first battle in Italy in which firearms are used extensively.
The Battle of Molinella, fought on July 25, 1467, near the village of Molinella in present-day Italy, was a significant conflict in the Italian Wars of the 15th century. It was part of a series of skirmishes and wars involving various Italian states, particularly during the period of fragmentation and rivalry among city-states and principalities.
The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
Engelbert Dollfuss was an Austrian statesman who served as the Chancellor of Austria from 1932 until his death in 1934. He was a staunch opponent of the Austrian Nazi Party, led by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, which sought to unite Austria with Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler’s rule.
In the summer of 1934, the Austrian Nazis, with support from Nazi Germany, plotted to overthrow Dollfuss’s government and install a pro-Nazi regime in Austria. On July 25, they launched an armed uprising in what is known as the July Putsch. The rebels took over several government buildings in Vienna, including the Chancellery.
During the coup attempt, Dollfuss was inside the Chancellery and refused to surrender to the Nazi rebels. A violent standoff ensued, and Dollfuss was eventually shot and fatally wounded by one of the insurgents. Despite being gravely injured, Dollfuss held on to power until he eventually succumbed to his injuries later that day.
Following Dollfuss’s death, the coup attempt ultimately failed. The Austrian military, loyal to the government, suppressed the rebellion, and the conspirators were arrested or killed. The attempted coup strengthened the authoritarian rule in Austria and led to the establishment of the Austrofascist regime under Kurt Schuschnigg, who became the new Chancellor.
The assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss is considered a significant event in Austrian history, as it marked a turning point in the country’s path towards authoritarianism and its struggle against the growing influence of Nazi Germany. It also further isolated Austria from the international community and contributed to the eventual annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938, known as the Anschluss.
The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I’s victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge.
The Crossroads Baker device is the first underwater nuclear weapon test.
An American attack on Canada is repulsed.
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The Wyoming Territory is established.
On this day in 25 July 1868, Congress created the Wyoming Territory. To do so, Republican-led lawmakers carved out land from the Dakota, Idaho and Utah territories.
The proposal had been on the congressional docket since 1865, when Rep. James M. Ashley, chairman of the House Committee on Territories, pressed his fellow legislators to provide a “temporary government for the territory of Wyoming.” But Ashley’s bill failed to advance out of his committee.
When the Senate took up the issue again, in 1868, several other names were put forward for the new territory. They included Shoshone, Arapaho, Sioux, Platte, Big Horn, Yellowstone, Sweetwater, Lincoln and Cheyenne, the last the name of the eventual state capital.
By then, however, the name “Wyoming” was already in wide use. It soon emerged as the most popular choice of the still sparse populace. It was adopted from a Delaware Indian word that meant “at the big river flat” and originally designated Pennsylvania’s Wyoming Valley.
The federal government acquired the land that is now Wyoming’s eastern sector in 1803 from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Several years later, John Colter, a member of the Lewis and Clark expedition, became the first non-Native American known to have entered the region. He explored the area around what is now Yellowstone National Park and brought back word of its geysers and hot springs.
Pratibha Patil becomes India’s first female president.
Pratibha Patil has won the 12th Presidential Elections of the Republic of India, becoming the first woman president of the second most populous country in the world.
Patil, 72, previously governor of the state of Rajasthan, had support from the governing coalition. She won approximately two thirds of the vote, almost double the number of votes of her nearest rival Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, who resigned as Vice-President after losing the poll.
Patil was a last-minute candidate who appeared when the coalition that leads the congress and the communist allies could not choose a common candidate. The supporters of Patil hope that her election could bring to the spotlight, problems that affect women in India, such as the high murder rate or domestic violence and abuse.
More than 4,500 members of the Parliament of India and state Legislative Assemblies were eligible to vote for the largely ceremonial office.
Patil was recently the centre of controversy after allegations that a bank gave out cheap loans to her relatives, and for her controversial statements about the Muslim veil.
The President-elect will succeed the 11th President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, an engineer and scientist. She is expected to be sworn in on July 25 in the Central Hall of Parliament.
The President of India, also called Rashtrapati, is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. The President’s role is largely ceremonial. The powers of the President of India are comparable to those of the monarch of the United Kingdom. The real executive authority in India is vested in the Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister. In 1966, Indira Gandhi became the first and to date the only female prime minister of India.
The first stone of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct in Wales is laid.
The first stone of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is laid.
A series of nine bombs exploded in which two people were killed and 20 injured in Bangalore.