Great Peace of Montreal between New France and First Nations is signed.

The Great Peace of Montreal, signed in 1701, was a landmark treaty between New France (present-day Quebec) and 39 First Nations of North America. This treaty ended nearly a century of conflict and established a lasting peace between the French settlers and various indigenous groups, including the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy), Huron-Wendat, Abenaki, and Algonquin, among others.

End of Hostilities: The treaty marked the end of ongoing warfare between the French and the First Nations. It brought an end to the Beaver Wars, which were fought over control of the fur trade.

Mutual Assistance: The signatories agreed to mutual aid and protection. The French promised to aid the First Nations against other European threats, while the First Nations pledged not to ally with other European powers against the French.

Trade Agreements: The treaty facilitated trade relations between New France and the First Nations. The fur trade, a crucial part of the economy for both groups, was formalized and regulated under the terms of the peace.

Territorial Boundaries: The treaty established clearer territorial boundaries and hunting grounds, which helped reduce conflicts over land and resources.

Diplomatic Recognition: The treaty recognized the sovereignty of the First Nations, acknowledging their right to self-governance and their role as equal partners in the peace process.

The Treaty of Sistova is signed, ending the Ottoman–Habsburg wars.

The Treaty of Sistova, also known as the Treaty of Svishtov, was a peace agreement signed on August 4, 1791, between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy (Austria). The treaty marked the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1792.

The conflict was part of the larger Russo-Turkish Wars, which occurred between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire during the late 17th and 18th centuries. In this particular war, Austria was involved as a participant on the side of Russia.

The Treaty of Sistova’s main provisions included:

Return of territories: The Ottomans agreed to cede significant territories to Austria. These included parts of present-day Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as parts of Wallachia and Moldavia.

Peace with Russia: The Ottoman Empire also made peace with Russia, acknowledging the loss of Crimea to Russia and recognizing its independence.

Restoration of borders: Both the Ottoman Empire and Austria agreed to restore their pre-war borders.

The treaty was significant as it marked a defeat for the Ottoman Empire and established Austria’s gains in the Balkans. It also contributed to the power shifts in the region during that period. However, it is essential to note that the peace established by this treaty was temporary, as conflicts between the involved parties continued in the following years.

At least 220 people are killed and over 5,000 are wounded when 2,700 tons of ammonium nitrate explodes in Beirut, Lebanon.

In response to the German invasion of Belgium, Belgium and the British Empire declare war on Germany. The United States declares its neutrality.

The Battle of Kos is fought between Turkish and Greek forces.

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The Battle of Kos (an island in the Aegean Sea)is fought between Turkish and Greek forces.

The Greenwich foot tunnel that goes under the River Thames opens.

Foot tunnel in Greenwich under the River Thames opens.

Second Temple in Jerusalem is destroyed by the Romans.