Great Peace of Montreal between New France and First Nations is signed.

The Great Peace of Montreal, signed in 1701, was a landmark treaty between New France (present-day Quebec) and 39 First Nations of North America. This treaty ended nearly a century of conflict and established a lasting peace between the French settlers and various indigenous groups, including the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy), Huron-Wendat, Abenaki, and Algonquin, among others.

End of Hostilities: The treaty marked the end of ongoing warfare between the French and the First Nations. It brought an end to the Beaver Wars, which were fought over control of the fur trade.

Mutual Assistance: The signatories agreed to mutual aid and protection. The French promised to aid the First Nations against other European threats, while the First Nations pledged not to ally with other European powers against the French.

Trade Agreements: The treaty facilitated trade relations between New France and the First Nations. The fur trade, a crucial part of the economy for both groups, was formalized and regulated under the terms of the peace.

Territorial Boundaries: The treaty established clearer territorial boundaries and hunting grounds, which helped reduce conflicts over land and resources.

Diplomatic Recognition: The treaty recognized the sovereignty of the First Nations, acknowledging their right to self-governance and their role as equal partners in the peace process.