4 September 1948

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicates for health reasons.

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, full name Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria, reigned as the queen of the Netherlands for nearly six decades, from 1890 to 1948. She was born on August 31, 1880, in The Hague, Netherlands, and was the only child of King William III and his second wife, Queen Emma.

Ascension to the Throne: Queen Wilhelmina became queen at a young age. Her father, King William III, died in 1890 when she was just 10 years old. As a result, she ascended to the throne, and her mother, Queen Emma, served as regent until Wilhelmina came of age.

Longest-Reigning Dutch Monarch: Queen Wilhelmina’s reign spanned over 57 years, making her the longest-reigning Dutch monarch in history.

Marriage and Family: In 1901, Queen Wilhelmina married Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who became Prince Henry of the Netherlands. The couple had one child, a daughter named Princess Juliana, who would later become Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.

World War I: During World War I, Queen Wilhelmina’s leadership and strong-willed character helped maintain Dutch neutrality, despite the country being surrounded by warring nations. Her ability to navigate this difficult period earned her respect and admiration.

World War II: Queen Wilhelmina played a crucial role in rallying the Dutch people during World War II, when the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany. She fled to London and continued to lead the Dutch government-in-exile, broadcasting radio messages to boost Dutch morale and resistance efforts.

Post-War Years: After World War II, Queen Wilhelmina returned to the Netherlands and played a role in the reconstruction and recovery of her country.

Abdication: In 1948, due to her health and the strain of her long reign, Queen Wilhelmina abdicated in favor of her daughter, Princess Juliana. She was succeeded by her daughter, who became Queen Juliana.

Later Life: After her abdication, Queen Wilhelmina lived in retirement in the Netherlands. She wrote her memoirs and remained involved in charitable and philanthropic activities.

Death: Queen Wilhelmina passed away on November 28, 1962, in Apeldoorn, Netherlands, at the age of 82.