Tag Archives: 8 September

8 September 1978

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Black Friday, a massacre by soldiers against protesters in Tehran, results in 88 deaths, it marks the beginning of the end of the monarchy in Iran.

The Black Friday massacre, also known as the Jaleh Square massacre, occurred on September 8, 1978, in Tehran, Iran. On this day, thousands of Iranians gathered in Jaleh Square to protest against the government of the Shah. The protest was met with a brutal response from the security forces, resulting in a significant number of deaths. While the exact number of casualties remains disputed, it is estimated that dozens of protesters were killed. This event is considered a turning point in the Iranian Revolution, as it further fueled public anger and contributed to the downfall of the Shah’s regime.

The Iranian Revolution continued to escalate after the Black Friday massacre, leading to the eventual departure of the Shah from Iran in January 1979 and the establishment of an Islamic Republic. Ayatollah Khomeini became the Supreme Leader of Iran, and the monarchy came to an end.

8 September 1978

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Black Friday, a massacre by soldiers against protesters in Tehran, results in 700–3000 deaths, it marks the beginning of the end of the monarchy in Iran.

[rdp-wiki-embed url=’https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(1978)’]

8 September 1946

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A referendum abolishes the monarchy in Bulgaria.

A referendum on becoming a republic was held in Bulgaria on 8 September 1946. The result was 95.6% in favour of the change, with voter turnout reported to be 91.7%. Following the referendum, a republican constitution was introduced the following year.

8 September 1946

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95.6% of the voter in Bulgaria vote in favor of abolishing the monarchy.

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When Soviet troops arrived in Bulgaria, they were welcomed by the populace as liberators from German occupation. On September 9, 1944, five days after the Soviet declaration of war, a Fatherland Front coalition deposed the temporary government in a bloodless coup. Bulgaria held the earliest and most widespread war crimes trial in postwar Europe; almost 3,000 were executed as war criminals. Bulgaria emerged from the war with no identifiable political structure; the party system had dissolved in 1934, replaced by the pragmatic balancing of political factions in Boris’s royal dictatorship. This condition and the duration of the war in Europe eight months after Bulgaria’s surrender gave the communists ample opportunity to exploit their favorable strategic position in Bulgarian politics.

In a national referendum in September 1946, however, an overwhelming majority voted to abolish the monarchy and proclaim Bulgaria a people’s republic. After two years of postwar turmoil, Bulgarian political and economic life settled into the patterns set out by the new communist constitution ratified in December 1947. Dimitrov argued that previous Bulgarian attempts at parliamentary democracy were disastrous and that only massive social and economic restructuring could ensure stability. By the end of 1947, Bulgaria had followed the other East European states in refusing reconstruction aid from the Marshall Plan and joining the Communist Information Bureau.