Greek archaeologist Valerios Stais discovers the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient mechanical analog computer.

The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek analog computer and orrery used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendrical and astrological purposes. Discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera shipwreck off the coast of the Greek island Antikythera, it is believed to have been constructed around 100 BCE.

Complexity: The mechanism consists of at least 30 meshing bronze gears, and its sophistication is comparable to 18th-century clocks. This complexity indicates a high level of engineering skill and knowledge of astronomy in ancient Greece.

Functionality: It could predict the positions of the sun, moon, and possibly the five known planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) on specific dates. It could also predict solar and lunar eclipses.

Design: The device was housed in a wooden box, with dials on the front and back. The front dial showed the zodiac and a calendar, while the back had two spirals representing the Metonic cycle (19 years) and the Saros cycle (18 years, 11 days).

Significance: The Antikythera mechanism is considered the earliest known example of a mechanical analog computer. Its discovery has significantly influenced our understanding of ancient Greek technology and their advancements in mathematics and astronomy.

The mechanism highlights the advanced technological capabilities of ancient civilizations and continues to be a subject of extensive research and fascination.